Events

أحداث

Migrations, treaties, and the turning points of the era.

51 Entries ← All collections

51 entries

Before Prophethood

BH 53 – BH 14

BH ~53 c. 570 CE The Year of the Elephant Abraha's failed attack on the Ka'bah, c. 570 CE; the Prophet's ﷺ birth year. 7 links BH ~25 c. 585 CE The Fijar Wars Sacrilegious skirmishes; the Prophet ﷺ attended as a youth. 4 links BH ~20 c. 590s CE Hilf al-Fudul (Pact of Virtue) Pact of Virtue to defend the oppressed; joined by the Prophet ﷺ. 6 links BH ~15 c. 605 CE Rebuilding of the Ka'bah c. 605 CE; the Prophet ﷺ sets the Black Stone and averts war. 5 links

Mecca · The Mission

BH 13 – BH 1

year 1 of the mission c. 610 CE The Beginning of Revelation (Iqra) *Iqra* in the Cave of Hira, c. 610 CE; the mission begins. 11 links c. BH 10 (3rd year of the da'wah) c. 613 CE The Declaration of Prophethood (Public Da'wah) The public da'wah, c. 613 CE; the call on Mount Safa. 6 links c. BH 8 (5th year of the da'wah) c. 615 CE The Incident of the "Satanic Verses" (Qissat al-Gharaniq) Qissat al-Gharaniq; reliability case study (Surah al-Najm). 3 links c. BH 8–7 (5th–6th year of the da'wah) c. 615–616 CE The Migrations to Abyssinia The first hijra; two waves of emigrants under the Najashi. 12 links c. BH 7 – BH 4 (7th–10th year of the da'wah) c. 616–619 CE The Boycott of Banu Hashim Quraysh's ~3-year embargo on Banu Hashim & Banu al-Muttalib. 11 links c. BH 3 (10th year of the da'wah) c. 619 CE The Incident of Ta'if The stoning at Ta'if, the du'a, Addas, and the Night of the Jinn. 16 links c. BH 3 (10th year of the da'wah) c. 619 CE The Year of Sorrow ('Am al-Huzn) 'Am al-Huzn; the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah, c. 619 CE. 11 links c. BH 1 (last ~1.5 yrs of the Meccan era) c. 620–621 CE Al-Isra' wal-Mi'raj (The Night Journey & Ascension) The Night Journey to Jerusalem & Ascension; the five prayers legislated. 10 links BH 2 (11th year of the da'wah) c. 621 CE The First Pledge of Aqabah (Bay'at al-Aqaba al-Ula) The Pledge of the Women; 12 men of Yathrib embrace Islam. 8 links BH 1 (12th year of the da'wah) c. 622 CE The Second Pledge of Aqabah (Bay'at al-Aqaba al-Thaniya) The pledge of protection; ~73 invite the Prophet ﷺ to migrate. 17 links

Madinah

1 – 2 AH

1 AH (early Madinan period) 622–623 CE The Constitution of Madinah The first Islamic polity binding Muslims, Jews, and pagans. 12 links 1 AH (departed 26/27 Safar; arrived Rabi' al-Awwal) September 622 CE The Hijrah (Emigration to Madinah) The Emigration to Madinah, 1 AH; start of the Hijri calendar. 25 links 2–3 AH 624–625 CE Expeditions Between Badr and Uhud Qarqarat al-Kudr, Sawiq, and Qarada ("Badr Part II"). 8 links Rajab/Sha'ban 2 AH (~16 months after Hijra) early 624 CE The Change of the Qibla Jerusalem → the Ka'bah; the first case of abrogation. 8 links Rajab 2 AH January 624 CE Sariyya Nakhla (The Nakhla Expedition) First killing & captures in Islam; the Sacred-Month fitna (Q 2:217). 8 links 17 Ramadan 2 AH 17 March 624 CE (a Friday) The Battle of Badr 17 Ramadan 2 AH; *Yawm al-Furqan*; ~313 rout ~1,000 Quraysh. 60 links 15 Shawwal 2 AH 624 CE The Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa The first Jewish tribe exiled from Madinah, ~3½ weeks after Badr. 10 links

Madinah

3 – 5 AH

14 Rabi' al-Awwal 3 AH 625 CE The Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf The sanctioned killing of the treasonous Banu Nadir poet. 8 links 15 Shawwal 3 AH March 625 CE (a Saturday) The Battle of Uhud 15 Shawwal 3 AH; near-victory reversed by the archers' error; martyrdom of Hamzah. 46 links 16 Shawwal 3 AH 625 CE The Expedition of Hamra al-Asad The day-after pursuit that deterred a second Quraysh attack. 6 links Muharram–Safar 4 AH c. 625 CE The Incident of al-Raji The al-Raji trap (Safar 4 AH); martyrdom of Asim & Khubayb ibn Adi. 7 links Safar 4 AH c. 625 CE The Incident of Bir Ma'una The treacherous massacre of ~70 reciters; the worst of the Seerah. 9 links Shawwal 4 AH c. 625–626 CE The Expulsion of Banu Nadir The second Jewish tribe exiled (Q 59); the law of fay'. 15 links Sha'ban 4 AH c. 626 CE Expeditions Between Uhud and Khandaq (Second Badr & Dhat al-Riqa) Badr al-Maw'id & Dhat al-Riqa; Salat al-Khawf revealed. 6 links 5 AH c. 626 CE The Slander of Aisha (rha) Al-Ifk; Aisha (rha) cleared from above the seven heavens (Surah al-Nur). 13 links 2 Sha'ban 5 AH c. 626 CE The Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq Al-Muraysi' (5 AH); marriage to Juwayriyya; Surah al-Munafiqun. 12 links 5–6 AH 627–628 CE Expeditions Between Khandaq and Hudaybiyyah Thumamah, Sallam's killing, Banu Lahyan, al-Is & the whale (5–6 AH). 8 links Shawwal 5 AH 627 CE The Battle of Khandaq (al-Ahzab) The Trench / al-Ahzab (5 AH); ~10,000 Confederates routed by wind & wit. 28 links Dhu al-Qa'dah 5 AH 627 CE The Judgment of Banu Qurayza The reckoning of the last Jewish tribe (5 AH); Sa'd ibn Mu'adh's verdict. 9 links

Madinah

6 – 8 AH

6–7 AH 628 CE The Letters to the Kings The da'wah letters to Heraclius, Kisra, the Najashi & the Muqawqis (6–7 AH). 9 links Dhu al-Qa'dah 6 AH 628 CE Bay'at al-Ridwan (The Pledge of the Tree) The Pledge of the Tree (Q 48:18); the sahaba ranked second only to Badr. 6 links Dhu al-Qa'dah 6 AH 628 CE The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah The "clear victory" (6 AH); Suhayl's terms & Surah al-Fath. 22 links Muharram 7 AH 628 CE The Battle of Khaybar The conquest of the Jewish oasis (7 AH); Ali's banner; the greatest land-conquest. 13 links Dhu al-Qa'dah 7 AH 629 CE Umrat al-Qada The make-up Umrah (7 AH); marriage to Maymunah; the last great Meccan converts. 9 links Jumada al-Awwal 8 AH 629 CE The Battle of Mu'tah The only battle with Rome in his ﷺ life (8 AH); the three martyr-commanders. 13 links Jumada al-Ula/Thani 8 AH 629 CE The Sariyya of Dhat al-Salasil Amr ibn al-As's northern raid (8 AH); Abu Ubayda's humility; tayammum. 6 links c. 8–9 AH (disputed) c. 630 CE The Ila' — the Prophet's ﷺ Withdrawal From His Wives The Prophet's ﷺ one-month withdrawal from his wives; *abdan-rasula* & the takhyir (Q 33:28–29). 6 links 20 Ramadan 8 AH 630 CE The Conquest of Makkah Fatḥ Makkah (Ramadan 8 AH); the amnesty & the idols cleared; the climax of the seerah. 29 links Shawwal 8 AH 630 CE The Battle of Hunayn Shawwal 8 AH; the last battle vs. Arabian shirk; a rout turned rally (Q 9:25–26). 17 links Shawwal 8 AH 630 CE The Siege of Ta'if Shawwal 8 AH; the failed siege; the great Ji'ranah distribution & the kharijite prototype. 11 links

Madinah

9 – 11 AH

9 AH 630 CE The Incident of Masjid al-Dirar The "mosque of harm" razed on the return from Tabuk (Q 9:107–109). 6 links 9 AH (peak); spanning 5–11 AH 630–631 CE The Year of Delegations *Am al-Wufud* (9 AH); 110+ tribes; Thaqif & al-Lat, Najran, Musaylimah — Arabia united. 13 links Rajab 9 AH 630 CE The Expedition of Tabuk Rajab 9 AH; the final ghazwa (Jaysh al-Usrah); no battle, but a test from Allah. 21 links Rajab–Ramadan 9 AH 630 CE The Story of Ka'b ibn Malik (The Three Who Stayed Behind) The three who stayed behind from Tabuk; the seerah's great repentance narrative. 9 links Dhu al-Hijjah 9 AH 631 CE The Hajj of Abu Bakr & the Verse of the Sword The Hajj of 9 AH; the opening of Surah al-Tawba & the Verse of the Sword (Q 9:5) in context. 8 links Dhu al-Hijjah 10 AH March 632 CE The Farewell Hajj *Hajjat al-Wada'* (10 AH); the Prophet's ﷺ only Hajj and the Farewell Sermon; Q 5:3. 7 links 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 11 AH 8 June 632 CE The Death of the Prophet ﷺ The passing (12 Rabi' al-Awwal 11 AH); *"al-Rafiq al-A'la"*; the finale of the seerah. 8 links