The chronological spine of the wiki. New dated events are added here as sources are read. BH = Before Hijra · AH = After Hijra. Dates c. = approximate / disputed.
Before Prophethood
BH 53 – BH 14 — c. 1st c. CE Amr ibn Luhay introduces idol-worship (Hubal) to Mecca → Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic Arabia).
— c. 605 (BH ~5) Death of the hanif Zayd ibn Amr, before the mission.
c. BH 53 c. 570 Year of the Elephant; birth of the Prophet ﷺ in Mecca — father Abdullah already deceased.
c. BH 53 c. 570–572 Fostered by Halimah al-Sa’diyah; opening of the heart (~age 4).
c. BH 47 c. 576 Death of his mother Aminah at al-Abwa (Prophet ~6).
c. BH 45 c. 578 Death of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib (~8); Abu Talib becomes guardian.
c. BH 38 c. 585 The Fijar Wars (Prophet ~15, gathers arrows).
c. BH 33 c. 590s The Hilf al-Fudul pact of justice (Prophet ~20).
c. BH 28 c. 595 Marriage to Khadijah (Prophet 25).
c. BH 18 c. 605 Rebuilding of the Ka’bah; Prophet ~35 sets the Black Stone.
Mecca · The Mission
BH 13 – BH 1 BH 13 c. 610 First revelation (Iqra) in the Cave of Hira, Ramadan — the mission begins.
c. BH 13 c. 610 Second revelation (Surah al-Muddaththir) — “arise and warn”; 3 years of private da’wah begin.
c. BH 10 c. 613 Public da’wah declared on Mount Safa; open Quraysh opposition & torture of the weak begin.
c. BH 9 c. 614 Believers meet at the House of al-Arqam.
c. BH 8 c. 615 First migration to Abyssinia (Rajab, ~15 emigrants); return after the Gharaniq incident.
c. BH 8 c. 615–616 Second migration to Abyssinia (80+, led by Ja’far) before the Najashi.
c. BH 7 c. 616–619 The Boycott of Banu Hashim & Banu al-Muttalib (~2½–3 yrs).
c. BH 3 c. 619 Year of Sorrow: deaths of Abu Talib & Khadijah.
c. BH 3 c. 619 The Incident of Ta’if — stoning, the du’a, Addas & the jinn; return under Mut’im’s protection.
c. BH 1 c. 620–621 Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj — Night Journey to Jerusalem & Ascension; the five daily prayers made fard.
BH 2 c. 621 First Pledge of Aqabah (12 men); Mus’ab sent to teach Yathrib.
BH 1 c. 622 Second Pledge of Aqabah (~73) — pledge of protection; the invitation to migrate.
Madinah
1 – 2 AH 1 AH Sept 622 The Hijra — Dar al-Nadwa plot; Cave of Thawr with Abu Bakr; Suraqa; arrival at Quba.
1 AH 622 Renaming of Yathrib to al-Madinah; lodging with Abu Ayyub; building of Masjid al-Nabawi.
1 AH 622 Masjid Quba built (first masjid); first Jumu’ah; the The Adhan (Call to Prayer) legislated; Bilal made muezzin.
1 AH 622 The Muakha — pairing of Muhajirun & Ansar; conversion of the rabbi Abdullah ibn Salam.
1 AH 622–623 The Constitution of Madinah — the first Islamic polity (Muslims, Jews, pagans).
2 AH early 624 Change of the qibla to the Ka’bah — the first abrogation; the People of the Suffa.
2 AH 623–624 Jihad legislated (Q 22:39); expeditions al-Abwa, al-Ushayra; Ramadan fast & zakat made fard.
Rajab 2 AH Jan 624 Sariyya Nakhla — first killing/captures in Islam; the Sacred-Month fitna (Q 2:217).
17 Ramadan 2 AH 17 Mar 624 The Battle of Badr (Yawm al-Furqan) — ~313 vs ~1,000; the 1,000 angels; Abu Jahal, Utbah, Umayya & Uqba killed.
Ramadan 2 AH Mar 624 Badr’s aftermath: al-Nadr & Uqba executed; the ransom of POWs; death of Abu Lahab; the Romans beat the Persians (Surah al-Rum prophecy) — Ubay ibn Khalaf‘s wager with Abu Bakr.
15 Shawwal 2 AH 624 Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa (~3½ weeks after Badr) — the first Jewish tribe exiled (Q 5:51–56).
post-Badr 2 AH 624 Umayr ibn Wahb‘s assassination attempt on the Prophet ﷺ → his conversion; Qarqarat al-Kudr raid.
Dhu al-Hijjah 2 AH 624 Sariyya of Sawiq — Abu Sufyan‘s revenge raid; Banu Nadir shelter him.
Madinah
3 – 5 AH Rabi’ al-Awwal 3 AH 625 Assassination of Ka’b ibn al-Ashraf by Muhammad ibn Maslamah; Sariyya of Qarada (“Badr II” — 50,000+ dirhams).
15 Shawwal 3 AH 625 The Battle of Uhud — 700 vs ~3,000; the archers’ error & Khalid‘s counterattack; martyrdom of Hamzah, Mus’ab, Hanzala, Anas ibn al-Nadr; the Prophet ﷺ wounded; ~70 martyrs.
16 Shawwal 3 AH 625 Expedition of Hamra al-Asad — the pursuit that deterred a Quraysh return; Ma’bad’s ruse.
Safar 4 AH c. 625 The massacres of al-Raji (Khubayb executed in Makkah) and Bir Ma’una (~70 reciters slain by Amir ibn al-Tufayl); a month of qunut al-nazila.
Sha’ban 4 AH c. 625 Badr al-Maw’id (the Quraysh fail to keep the Second Badr) & Ghazwa Dhat al-Riqa — Salat al-Khawf revealed (Q 4:102); Jabir‘s camel.
Shawwal 4 AH c. 625 Expulsion of Banu Nadir to Khaybar after the rock-drop plot; Surah al-Hashr & the law of fay’; “no compulsion in religion” (Q 2:256).
c. 4 AH c. 625 Laws of hijab and the final prohibition of khamr (Q 5:90); marriages to Hafsa, Zaynab bint Khuzayma & Umm Salama.
Sha’ban 5 AH c. 626 Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq (al-Muraysi’) — marriage to Juwayriyya; Surah al-Munafiqun; the Slander of Aisha & Surah al-Nur (Q 24).
c. Ramadan 4 / Sha’ban 5 AH c. 626 Birth of al-Hasan ibn Ali, the Prophet ﷺ’s first grandson.
Shawwal 5 AH 627 The Battle of Khandaq (al-Ahzab) — ~3,000 vs the ~10,000 Confederates behind Salman‘s trench; Banu Qurayza’s treachery; Ali kills Amr ibn Abd Wud; Sa’d ibn Mu’adh mortally wounded; Nuaym & the wind scatter the enemy.
Dhu al-Qa’dah 5 AH 627 The judgment of Banu Qurayza — a 25-day siege after Khandaq; Sa’d ibn Mu’adh‘s verdict on the treasonous tribe; Abu Lubaba’s tawba; the death of Sa’d (the Throne shakes).
5–6 AH 627–628 Expeditions between Khandaq & Hudaybiyyah — conversion of Thumamah; assassination of Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq; Ghazwa Banu Lahyan; Zayd’s al-Is raid & Abu al-As; Sariyya al-Khabat (the whale).
c. 5–6 AH c. 627 Marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh (Q 33:37) & the verses of hijab.
Madinah
6 – 8 AH Dhu al-Qa’dah 6 AH 628 The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah — 1,400 for Umrah; the emissaries (Urwah, Uthman); the Pledge of Ridwan; Suhayl’s terms & Abu Jandal; Surah al-Fath (“a clear victory”).
post-6 AH 628 Abu Basir‘s guerrilla settlement turns the treaty to the Muslims’ favour; women emigrants retained (Q 60:10).
c. 7 AH 628 Marriage to Umm Habiba (Ramla bint Abi Sufyan), arranged via the Najashi in Abyssinia.
Muharram 7 AH 628 The Battle of Khaybar — ~1,700 take the fortresses one by one; Ali‘s banner, Mirhab & the door; the poisoning; a 50% muzara’ah treaty; return of Ja’far & the Abyssinians; marriage to Safiyyah; arrival of Abu Hurairah.
6–7 AH 628 The letters to the world kings — the Najashi (accepts Islam), Heraclius of Rome, Khosrow of Persia (“Allah will tear his kingdom”), the Muqawqis of Egypt; Islam declared a global message.
Dhu al-Qa’dah 7 AH 629 Umrat al-Qada — 2,000 for the make-up Umrah (raml, the bared shoulder); marriage to Maymunah (last wife); then the conversions of Khalid, Amr ibn al-As & Uthman ibn Talha.
Jumada al-Awwal 8 AH 629 The Battle of Mu’tah — 3,000 vs. a vast Roman/Ghassanid host; martyrdom of Zayd, Ja’far al-Tayyar & Ibn Rawaha; Khalid saves the army — “a Sword of Allah.”
Jumada al-Ula/Thani 8 AH 629 Sariyya of Dhat al-Salasil — Amr & Abu Ubayda against Quda’a; the Tayammum ijtihad; the north secured.
20 Ramadan 8 AH 630 The Conquest of Makkah — the Banu Bakr breach; Hatib’s letter (Q 60); 10,000 march in secret; Abu Sufyan submits; idols cleared; keys to Uthman ibn Talha; Bilal’s adhan; the amnesty — “Go, you are free.”
Shawwal 8 AH 630 The Battle of Hunayn — ~12,000 Muslims ambushed by ~20,000 Thaqif+Hawazin under Malik ibn Awf; the rout, the Prophet’s ﷺ firmness, the dust & the angels (Q 9:25–26); the largest ghanima of the seerah.
Shawwal 8 AH 630 The Siege of Ta’if — the unsuccessful siege of Thaqif’s fortress (catapult, testudo); du’a for Thaqif; Shayba guided at Hunayn.
Dhu al-Qa’dah 8 AH 630 Ji’ranah — the great distribution to the Mu'allafat al-Qulub (Safwan, Hakim) and the Ansar’s reassurance; the kharijite prototype spared (Maslaha (Public Welfare)); Hawazin’s families returned; the Prophet’s ﷺ third Umrah.
late 8 AH 630 Conversion of the poet Ka’b ibn Zuhayr (the original Qasidat al-Burda); idols destroyed across Arabia; death of Zaynab bint Muhammad & birth of Ibrahim.
Dhu al-Hijjah 8 AH 630 Birth of Ibrahim, the Prophet ﷺ’s son by Maria the Copt (“her child has freed her”).
Madinah
9 – 11 AH late 8 / early 9 AH 630 Conversion of Adi ibn Hatim of Tayy (via Ali’s raid on al-Fuls).
9 AH 630 Death of the Najashi; the Prophet ﷺ prays the only janazah in absentia of his life.
Rajab 9 AH 630 The Expedition of Tabuk (Jaysh al-Usrah) — the final ghazwa, ~650 km north in extreme heat; no battle; Uthman’s & Abu Bakr’s generosity; the three who stayed behind (Q 9:117–119); the Bakka’un (the Weepers) and Abu Dharr.
9 AH 630 On the return from Tabuk, Masjid al-Dirar is razed (Q 9:107–109); the last stand of the munafiqun.
9 AH 630–631 The Year of Delegations (Am al-Wufud) — 110+ tribes; Thaqif & the destruction of al-Lat (al-Mughira); Musaylimah the Liar; Tufayl & Abu Hurairah; Tamim al-Dari & the Jassasah; Wa’il ibn Hujr; Mu’adh sent to Yemen.
9 AH 630–631 The Christians of Najran — the opening of Surah Ali-Imran and the Verse of Mubahala (Q 3:61); a jizya treaty, not war.
Dhu al-Hijjah 9 AH 631 The Hajj of Abu Bakr — the last Hajj shared by pagans and Muslims; the opening of Surah al-Tawba & the Verse of the Sword (Q 9:5) proclaimed by Ali; the four-month ultimatum ending Arabian paganism.
early 10 AH 631 Death of the infant Ibrahim — the eclipse khutbah (“the sun does not eclipse for anyone’s death”); buried in Baqi’. Khalid sent to Najran, which converts en masse.
Dhu al-Hijjah 10 AH March 632 The Farewell Hajj (Hajjat al-Wada’) — the Prophet ﷺ’s only Hajj; the Farewell Sermon at Arafah (sanctity of life & property, women’s rights, riba & blood-feuds abolished, racial equality); Q 5:3 (“this day I have perfected your religion”); the hadith of Jabir; Ghadir Khumm.
Safar 11 AH 632 The Prophet ﷺ dispatches Usama’s army toward Byzantine Palestine; his final night visit to Baqi’ (“I have already chosen”).
12 Rabi’ al-Awwal 11 AH 8 June 632 The passing of the Prophet ﷺ — the final illness; Abu Bakr commanded to lead the salah; “al-Rafiq al-A’la”; Umar’s denial ended by Abu Bakr & Q 3:144; burial where he died.
Nothing matches these filters.
(The seerah proper ends here. Later events — the Ridda wars, the caliphates, the conquests — lie beyond this series.)
Sources: S001 · S002 · S003 · S004 · S005 · S006 · S007 · S008 · S009 · S010 · S011 · S012 — cited per entry on the linked pages.